Hardware

The term hardware covers all of those parts of a computer that are tangible objects. Circuits, displays, power supplies, cables, keyboards, printers and mice are all hardware.
History of computing hardware First Generation (Mechanical/Electromechanical) Calculators Antikythera mechanism, Difference Engine, Norden bombsight Programmable Devices Jacquard loom, Analytical Engine, Harvard Mark I, Z3 Second Generation (Vacuum Tubes) Calculators Atanasoff–Berry Computer, IBM 604, UNIVAC 60, UNIVAC 120 Programmable Devices ENIAC, EDSAC, EDVAC, UNIVAC I, IBM 701, IBM 702, IBM 650, Z22 Third Generation (Discrete transistors and SSI, MSI, LSI Integrated circuits) Mainframes IBM 7090, IBM 7080, System/360, BUNCH Minicomputer PDP-8, PDP-11, System/32, System/36 Fourth Generation (VLSI integrated circuits) Minicomputer VAX, AS/400 4-bit microcomputer Intel 4004, Intel 4040 8-bit microcomputer Intel 8008, Intel 8080, Motorola 6800, Motorola 6809, MOS Technology 6502, Zilog Z80 16-bit microcomputer 8088, Zilog Z8000, WDC 65816/65802 32-bit microcomputer 80386, Pentium, 68000, ARM architecture 64-bit microcomputer[15] x86-64, PowerPC, MIPS, SPARC Embedded computer 8048, 8051 Personal computer Desktop computer, Home computer, Laptop computer, Personal digital assistant (PDA), Portable computer, Tablet computer, Wearable computer Theoretical/experimental Quantum computer, Chemical computer, DNA computing, Optical computer, Spintronics based computer Other Hardware Topics Peripheral device (Input/output) Input Mouse, Keyboard, Joystick, Image scanner Output Monitor, Printer Both Floppy disk drive, Hard disk, Optical disc drive, Teleprinter Computer busses Short range RS-232, SCSI, PCI, USB Long range (Computer networking) Ethernet, ATM, FDDI
SoftwareMain article: Computer softwareSoftware refers to parts of the computer which do not have a material form, such as programs, data, protocols, etc. When software is stored in hardware that cannot easily be modified (such as BIOS ROM in an IBM PC compatible), it is sometimes called "firmware" to indicate that it falls into an uncertain area somewhere between hardware and software.
Computer software Operating system Unix/BSD UNIX System V, AIX, HP-UX, Solaris (SunOS), IRIX, List of BSD operating systems GNU/Linux List of Linux distributions, Comparison of Linux distributions Microsoft Windows Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows NT, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows CE DOS 86-DOS (QDOS), PC-DOS, MS-DOS, FreeDOS Mac OS Mac OS classic, Mac OS X Embedded and real-time List of embedded operating systems Experimental Amoeba, Oberon/Bluebottle, Plan 9 from Bell Labs Library Multimedia DirectX, OpenGL, OpenAL Programming library C standard library, Standard template library Data Protocol TCP/IP, Kermit, FTP, HTTP, SMTP File format HTML, XML, JPEG, MPEG, PNG User interface Graphical user interface (WIMP) Microsoft Windows, GNOME, KDE, QNX Photon, CDE, GEM Text user interface Command line interface, shells Other Application Office suite Word processing, Desktop publishing, Presentation program, Database management system, Scheduling & Time management, Spreadsheet, Accounting software Internet Access Browser, E-mail client, Web server, Mail transfer agent, Instant messaging Design and manufacturing Computer-aided design, Computer-aided manufacturing, Plant management, Robotic manufacturing, Supply chain management Graphics Raster graphics editor, Vector graphics editor, 3D modeler, Animation editor, 3D computer graphics, Video editing, Image processing Audio Digital audio editor, Audio playback, Mixing, Audio synthesis, Computer music Software Engineering Compiler, Assembler, Interpreter, Debugger, Text Editor, Integrated development environment, Performance analysis, Revision control, Software configuration management Educational Edutainment, Educational game, Serious game, Flight simulator Games Strategy, Arcade, Puzzle, Simulation, First-person shooter, Platform, Massively multiplayer, Interactive fiction Misc Artificial intelligence, Antivirus software, Malware scanner, Installer/Package management systems, File manager